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<title>Electrocinétique - Régime sinusoïdal forcé (2)</title>
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<h1>Régime sinusoïdal forcé (2)</h1>
<hr />



<h2>Etude du RLC série</h2>
<h3>Régime sinusoïdal forcé</h3>


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<p>Nous avons déjà étudié le régime libre  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math> et la réponse à un
échelon de tension <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
  </math>.</p>
<p>Nous allons étudié le cas où <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mi>t</mi>
  </math></p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mover>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mo>..</mo>
    </mover>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
    <mover>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mo>.</mo>
    </mover>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msubsup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msubsup>
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mi>L</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mi>t</mi>
  </math>
<p>La solution est la somme</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>p</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
  </math>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
  </math> correspond au régime libre qui disparaît au bout de
quelques <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math></p>

<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>p</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
  </math>, solution particulière, est de la forme <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>.</p>
<p class="def">En <strong>régime sinusoïdal forcé</strong>, le régime libre a disparu, on cherche donc une solution de la forme
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
La réponse q(t) à la même pulsation que l'excitation e(t); reste à
déterminer l'amplitude et le déphasage.</p>

<p>En reportant <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> dans l'équation différentielle, on trouve</p>
<math display="block"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mo>-</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <msup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msubsup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msubsup>
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mi>L</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mi>t</mi>
  </math>
<p>En identifiant les termes en <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mi>t</mi>
  </math> et les termes en
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>sin</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mi>t</mi>
  </math></p>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mfenced close="" open="{">
      <mtable columnalign="left">
        <mtr>
          <mtd>
            <mfenced separators="">
              <msubsup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msubsup>
              <mo>-</mo>
              <msup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mfenced>
            <msub>
              <mi>Q</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>cos</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mn>2</mn>
            <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mo>&#x2009;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>Q</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>sin</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
            <mo>=</mo>
            <mstyle displaystyle="true">
              <mfrac>
                <msub>
                  <mi>E</mi>
                  <mi>m</mi>
                </msub>
                <mi>L</mi>
              </mfrac>
            </mstyle>
          </mtd>
        </mtr>
        <mtr>
          <mtd>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mn>2</mn>
            <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mo>&#x2009;</mo>
            <msub>
              <mi>Q</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>cos</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mfenced separators="">
              <msubsup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msubsup>
              <mo>-</mo>
              <msup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mfenced>
            <msub>
              <mi>Q</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>sin</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
            <mo>=</mo>
            <mn>0</mn>
          </mtd>
        </mtr>
      </mtable>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mfenced close="" open="{">
      <mtable columnalign="left">
        <mtr>
          <mtd>
            <mi>cos</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
            <mo>=</mo>
            <mstyle displaystyle="true">
              <mfrac>
                <mrow>
                  <mstyle displaystyle="true">

                    <mfrac>
                      <msub>
                        <mi>E</mi>
                        <mi>m</mi>
                      </msub>
                      <mi>L</mi>
                    </mfrac>
                  </mstyle>
                  <mfenced separators="">
                    <msubsup>
                      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                      <mn>0</mn>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msubsup>
                    <mo>-</mo>
                    <msup>
                      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                  </mfenced>
                </mrow>
                <mrow>
                  <mfenced close="]" open="[" separators="">
                    <msup>
                      <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
                        <msubsup>
                          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                          <mn>0</mn>
                          <mn>2</mn>
                        </msubsup>
                        <mo>-</mo>
                        <msup>
                          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                          <mn>2</mn>
                        </msup>
                      </mfenced>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                    <mo>+</mo>
                    <mn>4</mn>
                    <msup>
                      <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                    <msup>
                      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                  </mfenced>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>Q</mi>
                    <mi>m</mi>
                  </msub>
                </mrow>
              </mfrac>
            </mstyle>
          </mtd>
        </mtr>
        <mtr>
          <mtd>
            <mi>sin</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
            <mo>=</mo>
            <mstyle displaystyle="true">
              <mfrac>
                <mrow>
                  <mo>-</mo>
                  <mn>2</mn>
                  <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
                  <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                  <mstyle displaystyle="true">
                    <mfrac>
                      <msub>
                        <mi>E</mi>
                        <mi>m</mi>
                      </msub>
                      <mi>L</mi>
                    </mfrac>
                  </mstyle>
                </mrow>
                <mrow>
                  <mfenced close="]" open="[" separators="">
                    <msup>
                      <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
                        <msubsup>
                          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                          <mn>0</mn>
                          <mn>2</mn>
                        </msubsup>
                        <mo>-</mo>
                        <msup>
                          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                          <mn>2</mn>
                        </msup>
                      </mfenced>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                    <mo>+</mo>
                    <mn>4</mn>
                    <msup>
                      <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                    <msup>
                      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                      <mn>2</mn>
                    </msup>
                  </mfenced>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>Q</mi>
                    <mi>m</mi>
                  </msub>
                </mrow>
              </mfrac>
            </mstyle>
          </mtd>
        </mtr>
      </mtable>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>tan</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <msubsup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>0</mn>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>cos</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>sin</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mo>&#x21D2;</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mstyle displaystyle="true">
          <mfrac>
            <msub>
              <mi>E</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>L</mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mstyle>
        <msqrt>
          <msup>
            <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
              <msubsup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msubsup>
              <mo>-</mo>
              <msup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mfenced>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>4</mn>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </msqrt>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>





<h3>Simplification apportée par la notation complexe</h3>
<p>Soit <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <munder>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> la représentation complexe de
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>.</p>
<p>L'équation différentielle étant linéaire, si  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> est solution
alors 
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <munder>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> est aussi solution (on remplace
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mi>t</mi>
  </math> par <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> dans l'équation
différentielle)</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mo>-</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>&#x2009;</mo>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>Q</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>j</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2009;</mo>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>Q</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>j</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msubsup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msubsup>
    <mo>&#x2009;</mo>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>Q</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>j</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mi>L</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<p>On simplifie par <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math></p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>Q</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mstyle displaystyle="true">
          <mfrac>
            <msub>
              <mi>E</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>L</mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mstyle>
        <mrow>
          <msubsup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>0</mn>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mi>j</mi>
          <mo>&#x2009;</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
<p>et on en déduit directement l'amplitude</p>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>Q</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mfenced close="&#x2223; " open="&#x2223; ">
      <msub>
        <munder>
          <mi>Q</mi>
          <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
        </munder>
        <mi>m</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mstyle displaystyle="true">
          <mfrac>
            <msub>
              <mi>E</mi>
              <mi>m</mi>
            </msub>
            <mi>L</mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mstyle>
        <msqrt>
          <msup>
            <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
              <msubsup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msubsup>
              <mo>-</mo>
              <msup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mfenced>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>4</mn>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </msqrt>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
<p>et le déphasage</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>arg</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <msub>
        <munder>
          <mi>Q</mi>
          <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
        </munder>
        <mi>m</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>arctan</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <msubsup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>0</mn>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
<p class="def">Retenons que d'une manière générale en notation complexe :<br />
- dériver revient à multiplier par  
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>j</mi>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
  </math> (à tourner de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
    <mo>/</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </math>
dans le plan complexe);<br />
- intégrer revient à diviser par <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>j</mi>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
  </math> (à tourner de  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
    <mo>/</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </math>
dans le plan complexe).
</p>






<h3>Réponse en intensité - Résonance d'intensité</h3>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mi>C</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
  </math>
<p>En régime sinusoïdal forcé (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>&#x2192;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>), on cherche une solution de la forme</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>I</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<p>ayant pour représentation complexe</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munder>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>I</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
	  <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<p>avec <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>I</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>I</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math></p>

<p>
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <munder>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> est solution de l'équation différentielle</p>

 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <munder>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <munder>
            <mi>i</mi>
            <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
          </munder>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mi>C</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
    <munder>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
  </math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mi>L</mi>
        <mi>j</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mi>C</mi>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mrow>
            <mi>j</mi>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
          </mrow>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
    </mfenced>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>I</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
  </math>
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>I</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mrow>
          <mi>R</mi>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mi>j</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
            <mi>L</mi>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mstyle displaystyle="true">
              <mfrac>
                <mn>1</mn>
                <mrow>
                  <mi>C</mi>
                  <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                </mrow>
              </mfrac>
            </mstyle>
          </mfenced>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mi>j</mi>
            <mi>Q</mi>
          </mrow>
          <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
            <mi>x</mi>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mstyle displaystyle="true">
              <mfrac>
                <mn>1</mn>
                <mi>x</mi>
              </mfrac>
            </mstyle>
          </mfenced>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
<p>avec  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        <msub>
          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
        </msub>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math> et 
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>Q</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>0</mn>
          </msub>
        </mrow>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math></p>

 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>I</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mfenced close="&#x2223; " open="&#x2223; ">
      <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>I</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msup>
            <mi>Q</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <msup>
            <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
              <mi>x</mi>
              <mo>-</mo>
              <mstyle displaystyle="true">
                <mfrac>
                  <mn>1</mn>
                  <mi>x</mi>
                </mfrac>
              </mstyle>
            </mfenced>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>

<svg  version="1.1" id="Calque_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="760" height="352.166"
	 viewBox="0 0 473.094 352.166" overflow="visible" enable-background="new 0 0 473.094 352.166" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="37.616" y1="324.774" x2="37.616" y2="30.534"/>
	<path d="M37.616,24.499c1.054,2.84,2.852,6.363,4.755,8.547l-4.755-1.72l-4.755,1.72C34.765,30.862,36.563,27.338,37.616,24.499z"
		/>
</g>
<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="33.437" y1="318.923" x2="463.094" y2="318.923"/>
	<path d="M469.129,318.923c-2.84,1.054-6.363,2.852-8.547,4.755l1.72-4.755l-1.72-4.755
		C462.766,316.071,466.29,317.869,469.129,318.923z"/>
</g>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M452.228,262.081c-120.371-20.898-203.963-81.083-246.594-116.191S105.325,45.58,79.412,45.58
	s-30.929,73.56-32.601,122.043s-9.195,149.628-9.195,149.628"/>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M36.78,319.759c0,0,15.883-51.826,18.39-132.074S71.705,45.58,79.412,45.58
	c15.046,0,40.123,135.417,102.817,197.275s268.328,65.201,268.328,65.201"/>
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	s3.344,112.012,18.39,189.752s40.958,77.739,186.408,81.919"/>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 204.9468 133.6787)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Q=0,2</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 112.8481 271.2759)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Q=5</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 170.7056 219.4492)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Q=0,5</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 17.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">RIm/Em</text>
<line fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="79.412" y1="23.01" x2="79.412" y2="328.954"/>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 72.7241 345.6719)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">1</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 16.7183 51.4312)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">1</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 463.0942 341.4922)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">x</text>
<line fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="92.786" y1="44.744" x2="32.601" y2="44.744"/>
</svg>

<p>On observe un <strong>phénomène de résonance</strong> d'autant plus marqué que le facteur de qualité est élevé.</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>arg</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <msub>
        <munder>
          <mi>I</mi>
          <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
        </munder>
        <mi>m</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mi>arctan</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mi>Q</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mi>x</mi>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
  
<svg  version="1.1" id="Calque_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="760" height="332.692"
	 viewBox="0 0 490.04 332.692" overflow="visible" enable-background="new 0 0 490.04 332.692" xml:space="preserve">
<path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M466.346,274.594c0,0-196.495-22.594-278.652-86.266
	C105.536,124.656,69.249,71.938,48.709,41.128c0,0,102.698,9.585,138.984,147.2s155.415,117.76,278.652,129.399"/>
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<g>
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<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="47.341" y1="328.676" x2="47.341" y2="28.115"/>
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</g>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 173.3169 211.6006)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">1</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 480.04 211.6006)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">x</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 34.332 17.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">phi</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 6.6309 47.6533)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">pi/2</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 326.1982)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">-pi/2</text>
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</svg>

<p class="def">Quelque soit le facteur de qualité, il y a toujours
résonance d'intensité pour <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </msub>
  </math>; à la résonance, l'intensité est maximale et le déphasage entre la réponse
(l'intensité) et l'excitation (tension <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>) est nul.</p>





<h3>Réponse en charge - Résonance de tension aux bornes du condensateur</h3>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>L</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <msup>
            <mi>d</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <msup>
            <mi>t</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math>
<p>En régime sinusoïdal forcé (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>&#x2192;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>), on cherche une solution de la forme</p>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>U</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>cos</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <msub>
        <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
        <mi>u</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<p>ayant pour représentation complexe</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munder>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>U</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
	  <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
<p>avec <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>U</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msub>
      <mi>U</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <msub>
        <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
        <mi>u</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
  </math></p>
<p> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <munder>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> est solution de l'équation différentielle</p>

  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>j</mi>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <munder>
            <mi>u</mi>
            <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
          </munder>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>L</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <msup>
            <mi>d</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <munder>
            <mi>u</mi>
            <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
          </munder>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <msup>
            <mi>t</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <munder>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
    </munder>
  </math>
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
      <mrow>
        <mi>R</mi>
        <mi>C</mi>
        <mi>j</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mi>L</mi>
        <mi>C</mi>
      </mrow>
      <msup>
        <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mn>1</mn>
    </mfenced>
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>U</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
  </math>
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <munder>
        <mi>U</mi>
        <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
      </munder>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mrow>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mstyle displaystyle="true">
            <mfrac>
              <msup>
                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
              <msubsup>

                <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
                <mn>0</mn>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msubsup>
            </mfrac>
          </mstyle>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mrow>
            <mi>j</mi>
            <mi>R</mi>
            <mi>C</mi>
          </mrow>
          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
         <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <mrow>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <msup>
            <mi>x</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mi>j</mi>
          <mstyle displaystyle="true">
            <mfrac>
              <mi>x</mi>
              <mi>Q</mi>
            </mfrac>
          </mstyle>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
<p>avec <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        <msub>
          <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
        </msub>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math> et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>Q</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mi>R</mi>
            <mi>C</mi>
          </mrow>
          <msub>
            <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
            <mn>0</mn>
          </msub>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math></p>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>U</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mfenced close="&#x2223; " open="&#x2223; ">
      <msub>
        <mi>U</mi>
        <mi>m</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msub>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mi>m</mi>
        </msub>
        <msqrt>
          <msup>
            <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>-</mo>
              <msup>
                <mi>x</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mfenced>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mstyle displaystyle="true">
            <mfrac>
              <msup>
                <mi>x</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
              <msup>
                <mi>Q</mi>
                <mn>2</mn>
              </msup>
            </mfrac>
          </mstyle>
        </msqrt>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>

<svg  version="1.1" id="Calque_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="760" height="367.446"
	 viewBox="0 0 465.226 367.446" overflow="visible" enable-background="new 0 0 465.226 367.446" xml:space="preserve">
<path fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" d="M437.196,328.632"/>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M437.196,328.632c0,0-153.827-1.838-244.53-41.674S78.674,213.415,30.871,208.512
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	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="30.258" y1="347.018" x2="30.258" y2="28.173"/>
	<path d="M30.258,21.59c1.054,3.098,2.852,6.94,4.755,9.322l-4.755-1.876l-4.755,1.876C27.407,28.531,29.205,24.688,30.258,21.59z"
		/>
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<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="441.486" y1="339.663" x2="22.904" y2="339.663"/>
	<path d="M447.521,339.663c-2.84,1.054-6.363,2.852-8.547,4.755l1.72-4.755l-1.72-4.755
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</g>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 210.0825 178.9331)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Q=5</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 455.2261 345.0176)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">x</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 160.8931 360.9517)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">1</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 11.356 217.543)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">1</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 17.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Um/Em</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 150.9912 257.2173)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Q=0,5</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 103.0913 290.4727)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">Q=0,2</text>
<line fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="166.313" y1="344.566" x2="166.313" y2="37.16"/>
</svg> 
  
<p>On n'observe pas toujours un <strong>phénomène de résonance</strong>. S'il y a résonance, celle-ci est d'autant plus marquée que le facteur de qualité est élevé.</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
      <mi>u</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>arg</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <msub>
        <munder>
          <mi>U</mi>
          <mo stretchy="true">&#x00AF;</mo>
        </munder>
        <mi>m</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mi>arctan</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mrow>
          <mi>Q</mi>
          <mfenced separators="">
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <msup>
              <mi>x</mi>
              <mn>2</mn>
            </msup>
          </mfenced>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>

<svg  version="1.1" id="Calque_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="760" height="382.16" viewBox="0 0 536 382.16"
	 overflow="visible" enable-background="new 0 0 536 382.16" xml:space="preserve">
<path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M51.225,66.878c33.786,101.982,47.551,123.882,152.037,150.16
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<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="41.841" y1="66.251" x2="516.095" y2="66.251"/>
	<path d="M522.13,66.251c-2.84,1.054-6.363,2.852-8.547,4.755l1.72-4.755l-1.72-4.755C515.767,63.399,519.29,65.197,522.13,66.251z"
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<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="511" y1="217.038" x2="44" y2="217.038"/>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 39 17.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">phi</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 526 70.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">x</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 195 52.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">1</text>
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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 225.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">-pi/2</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 18 358.1597)" font-family="'ArialMT'" font-size="20">-pi</text>
<line fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="201" y1="233.16" x2="201" y2="58.16"/>
</svg>

<p class="def">Si le facteur de qualité est supérieur à <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <msqrt>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msqrt>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>, il y a résonance de tension aux bornes du condensateur pour une pulsation d'autant plus proche de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </msub>
  </math> que le facteur de qualité est élevé; à la résonance, la tension est maximale mais le déphasage entre la réponse (la tension aux
bornes du condensateur) et l'excitation (tension <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>) n'est pas nul.</p>

<p>Il y a résonance si  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>U</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
  </math> admet un maximum ou si <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <msup>

          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfenced>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <msup>
          <mi>Q</mi>

          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math> admet un minimum c'est à dire si</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
    </mfenced>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mi>x</mi>
      </mrow>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>x</mi>
        </mrow>
        <msup>
          <mi>Q</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <msup>
            <mi>Q</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
<p>On trouve <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mi>r</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>=</mo>
	<msub>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </msub>
    <msqrt>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mrow>
            <mn>2</mn>
            <msup>
              <mi>Q</mi>
              <mn>2</mn>
            </msup>
          </mrow>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
    </msqrt>
  </math> à condition que <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>Q</mi>
    <mo>></mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <msqrt>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msqrt>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>U</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
  </math> vaut alors</p>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <msub>
      <mi>U</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
    <mfenced>
      <msub>
        <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        <mi>r</mi>
      </msub>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>Q</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi>E</mi>
            <mi>m</mi>
          </msub>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mstyle displaystyle="true">

            <mfrac>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mrow>
                <mn>4</mn>
                <msup>
                  <mi>Q</mi>
                  <mn>2</mn>
                </msup>
              </mrow>
            </mfrac>
          </mstyle>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>&#x2243;</mo>
    <mi>Q</mi>
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
    </msub>
  </math>
  
<p>Q est aussi appelé facteur de surtension.</p>






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