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<title>Electrocinétique - Circuits linéaires en régime transitoire (2)</title>
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<h1>Circuits linéaires en régime transitoire (2)</h1>
<hr />



<h2>Réponse d'un circuit RC à un échelon de tension</h2>
<h3>Evolution de la tension aux bornes du condensateur</h3>


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<p>Le condensateur est initialement déchargé (Régime continu <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>U</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math> et 
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>I</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>).</p>

<p>A <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>, on ferme l'interrupteur et le condensateur se charge :</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
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    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
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        <mrow>
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    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math>
  
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
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    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>u</mi>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
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    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>E</mi>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
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    <mspace width="1em"/>
    <mi mathvariant="normal">avec</mi>
    <mspace width="1em"/>
    <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
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  </math>

<p>La solution est de la forme  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>p</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>A exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>/</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    </mfenced>
	<mo>+</mo>
	<mi>E</mi>
  </math>.<br />
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>A</mi>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math> par continuité de la tension aux bornes du condensateur. Finalement :</p> 

 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
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      <mtr>
        <mtd>
          <mi>u</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced>
            <mi>t</mi>
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          <mo>=</mo>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced separators="">
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mi>exp</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mfenced separators="">
              <mo>-</mo>
              <mi>t</mi>
              <mo>/</mo>
              <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
            </mfenced>
          </mfenced>
        </mtd>
      </mtr>
    </mtable>
  </math>

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<h3>Evolution de l'intensité du courant</h3>
<p> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>q</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math> ce qui donne</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
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      <mtr>
        <mtd>
          <mstyle displaystyle="true">
            <mfrac>
              <mi>E</mi>
              <mi>R</mi>
            </mfrac>
          </mstyle>
          <mi>exp</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced separators="">
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mi>t</mi>
            <mo>/</mo>
            <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
          </mfenced>
        </mtd>
      </mtr>
    </mtable>
  </math>
  
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<h3>Bilan énergétique</h3>
<p>Multiplier <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math> par  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> donne</p>

 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mrow>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
  </math>

<p>où <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance fournie par le générateur (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
	<mo>(</mo>
	<mo>-</mo>
    <mi>i</mi>
	<mo>)</mo>
  </math> puissance reçue);<br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et dissipée dans la résistance;<br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et emmagasinée dans le condensateur.</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>Eidt</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
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          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
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        <mi>R</mi>
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    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
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    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>/</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>C</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>
  
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <msup>
          <mi>R</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mi>t</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mo>/</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <msup>
          <mi>R</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>R</mi>
          <mi>C</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>
  
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>uidt</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mi>R</mi>
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    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
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    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>exp</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mo>/</mo>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>exp</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mo>/</mo>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </mfenced>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mrow>
        <mi>R</mi>
        <mi>C</mi>
      </mrow>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mrow>
            <mi>R</mi>
            <mi>C</mi>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>

<p>L'énergie fournie par le générateur se répartit équitablement entre la résistance et le condensateur.</p>


<h2>Réponse d'un circuit RL à un échelon de tension</h2>
<h3>Evolution de l'intensité du courant</h3>


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<polyline fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" points="238.486,13.07 321.034,13.07 321.034,85.07 199.034,85.07 
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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 301.6582 9.978)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">i</text>
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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 324.375 30.2417)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">L</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 175.4824 50.8599)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="10">E</text>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" x1="183.567" y1="59.263" x2="183.567" y2="40.308"/>
<path d="M183.567,37.207c0.577,1.555,1.562,3.483,2.603,4.679l-2.603-0.941l-2.603,0.941
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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 50.8599)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="10">E</text>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" x1="8.084" y1="59.263" x2="8.084" y2="40.308"/>
<path d="M8.084,37.207c0.577,1.555,1.561,3.483,2.603,4.679l-2.603-0.941l-2.603,0.941C6.523,40.69,7.508,38.762,8.084,37.207z"/>
<circle fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" cx="24.038" cy="49.07" r="10.638"/>
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<polyline fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" points="57.238,13.07 146.56,13.07 146.551,85.07 24.551,85.07 
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</g>
<path d="M128.676,13.089c-1.455,0.54-3.26,1.46-4.377,2.436l0.88-2.436l-0.88-2.436C125.416,11.629,127.221,12.55,128.676,13.089z"
	/>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 127.1758 9.978)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">I</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 122.8145 53.4458)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">U</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 149.8926 30.2417)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">L</text>
<rect x="71.746" y="5.187" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" width="34.648" height="14.437"/>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 85.0122 16.6128)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">R</text>
<rect x="139.02" y="33.725" fill="#FFFFFF" width="15.416" height="34.052"/>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" d="M146.354,33.302c0,0,7.195,0.106,7.248,3.145s-10.34,3.625-14.018,3.625
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	c-1.598,0.267,14.16,0.16,14.178,3.731c0.014,2.593-6.928,3.357-6.928,3.357"/>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" x1="36.017" y1="13.02" x2="54.883" y2="1.536"/>
</svg>


<p>Régime continu  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>U</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math> et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>I</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>.</p>

<p>A  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>, on ferme l'interrupteur :</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>

 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>i</mi>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>E</mi>
        <mi>L</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mspace width="1em"/>
    <mi mathvariant="normal">avec</mi>
    <mspace width="1em"/>
    <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mo>/</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
  </math>

<p>La solution est de la forme <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>p</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>A exp</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mo>/</mo>
      <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>E</mi>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>.<br />
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>A</mi>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>E</mi>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>
 par continuité de l'intensité du courant dans la bobine. Finalement :</p>

 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mtable frame="solid">
      <mtr>
        <mtd>
          <mi>i</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced>
            <mi>t</mi>
          </mfenced>
          <mo>=</mo>
          <mstyle displaystyle="true">
            <mfrac>
              <mi>E</mi>
              <mi>R</mi>
            </mfrac>
          </mstyle>
          <mfenced separators="">
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mi>exp</mi>
            <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
            <mfenced separators="">
              <mo>-</mo>
              <mi>t</mi>
              <mo>/</mo>
              <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
            </mfenced>
          </mfenced>
        </mtd>
      </mtr>
    </mtable>
  </math>


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<g>
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</g>
<g>
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</g>
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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 19 13.3037)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">i(t)</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 63.3037)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">E/R</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 76.7114 196.2334)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">tau</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 325 184.3037)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">t</text>
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<line fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="285.333" y1="65.304" x2="26" y2="65.304"/>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="87.422" y1="65.101" x2="87.422" y2="183.971"/>
</svg>



<h3>Evolution de la tension aux bornes de la bobine</h3>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math> ce qui donne</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mtable frame="solid">
      <mtr>
        <mtd>
          <mi>u</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced>
            <mi>t</mi>
          </mfenced>
          <mo>=</mo>
          <mi>E exp</mi>
          <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          <mfenced separators="">
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mi>t</mi>
            <mo>/</mo>
            <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
          </mfenced>
        </mtd>
      </mtr>
    </mtable>
  </math>

<svg  version="1.1" id="Calque_3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="760" height="300" viewBox="0 0 316.48 201.14" overflow="visible" enable-background="new 0 0 316.48 201.14" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="16.012" y1="182.558" x2="16.012" y2="28.606"/>
	<path d="M16.012,22.571c1.054,2.84,2.852,6.363,4.755,8.547l-4.755-1.72l-4.755,1.72C13.16,28.934,14.958,25.411,16.012,22.571z"/>
</g>
<g>
	<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="16.012" y1="182.558" x2="299" y2="182.558"/>
	<path d="M305.035,182.558c-2.84,1.054-6.363,2.852-8.547,4.755l1.72-4.755l-1.72-4.755
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</g>
<path fill="none" stroke="#CCCCCB" d="M16.012,63.101c0,0,28.107,56.214,58.13,77.934c30.023,21.72,78.57,39.604,180.779,39.604"/>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 6 13.3037)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">u(t)</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 63.3037)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">E</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 63.7114 196.2334)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">tau</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 312 184.3037)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">t</text>
<line fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#000000" stroke-dasharray="6" x1="16.012" y1="63.101" x2="76.422" y2="185.14"/>
</svg>





<h3>Bilan énergétique</h3>
<p>Multiplier <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math> par 
  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> donne</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mrow>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
  </math>

<p>où <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance fournie par le générateur (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
	<mfenced>
    <mi>i</mi>
	</mfenced>
  </math> puissance reçue);<br />
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et dissipée dans la résistance;<br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et emmagasinée dans la bobine.</p>

<p>Quand <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>&#x2192;</mo>
    <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
  </math> Un nouveau régime continu s'établit avec <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>I</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>/</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
  </math> donc :</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>Eidt</mi>
    <mo>&#x2192;</mo>
    <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
  </math>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>&#x2192;</mo>
    <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
  </math>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>uidt</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>exp</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mo>/</mo>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>exp</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mo>/</mo>
        <mi>&#x03C4;</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </mfenced>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <msup>
          <mi>E</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mi>R</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <mi>R</mi>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <mrow>
            <mn>2</mn>
            <mi>R</mi>
          </mrow>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>I</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>



<h2>Réponse d'un circuit RLC série à un échelon de tension</h2>
<h3>Tension aux bornes du condensateur</h3>


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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 176.4263 39.4097)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">i</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 164.856 47.2231)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">q</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 190.356 57.2231)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">u</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 164.022 67.5571)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="12">C</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 56.6372)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="10">E</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 59.3896 8.3149)" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="10">L</text>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="0.75" x1="8.084" y1="65.041" x2="8.084" y2="46.085"/>
<path d="M8.084,42.984c0.577,1.555,1.561,3.483,2.603,4.679l-2.603-0.941l-2.603,0.941C6.523,46.468,7.508,44.539,8.084,42.984z"/>
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	s0.16-14.16,3.731-14.178c2.593-0.013,3.357,6.929,3.357,6.929"/>
</svg>


<p>Le condensateur est initialement déchargé.</p>

<p>A  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>, on ferme l'interrupteur :<br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math>
 soit</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <msup>
            <mi>d</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mi>q</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <msup>
            <mi>t</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>R</mi>
        <mi>L</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>q</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <mi>C</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mi>E</mi>
        <mi>L</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>

<p> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math> et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> vérifient la même équation.</p>

<p>La solution est de la forme <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>p</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
  </math>.</p>

<p>Pour <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>h</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
  </math> voir régime libre.<br />
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <msup>
      <mi>q</mi>
      <mfenced>
        <mi>p</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </msup>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>C</mi>
      <mi>E</mi>
    </mrow>
  </math>.</p> 

<p>Par exemple en régime pseudo-périodique :</p>

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<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 10.6665 13.3037)" fill="#1A171B" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">u(t)</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 131.9707)" fill="#1A171B" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">E</text>
<text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 314.6665 198.6367)" fill="#1A171B" font-family="'TimesNewRomanPSMT'" font-size="16">t</text>
</svg>






<h3>Bilan énergétique</h3>
<p>Multiplier <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>R</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math> par <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> donne</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mrow>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>u</mi>
  </math>

<p>où <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance fournie par le générateur (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>E</mi>
	<mo>(</mo>
	<mo>-</mo>
    <mi>i</mi>
	<mo>)</mo>
  </math> puissance reçue);<br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et emmagasinée dans la bobine;<br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et dissipée dans la résistance;<br />
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
  </math> est la puissance reçue et emmagasinée dans le condensateur.</p>

<p>Quand <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>&#x2192;</mo>
    <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
  </math> Un nouveau régime continu s'établit avec <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>U</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
  </math> et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>I</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math> donc :</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>L</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>i</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mrow>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msubsup>
      <mfenced close="]" open="[" separators="">
        <mstyle displaystyle="true">
          <mfrac>
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </mfrac>
        </mstyle>
        <mi>L</mi>
        <msup>
          <mi>i</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfenced>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </msubsup>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
  </math>
  
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mrow>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msubsup>
      <mfenced close="]" open="[" separators="">
        <mstyle displaystyle="true">
          <mfrac>
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </mfrac>
        </mstyle>
        <mi>C</mi>
        <msup>
          <mi>u</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mfenced>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </msubsup>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>

<p>Pour les deux autres intégrales, il faut expliciter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math> :</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
      <mrow>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
        <mi>t</mi>
      </mrow>
    </msup>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>A cos</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
        <mi>t</mi>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>B sin</mi>
      <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
        <mi>t</mi>
      </mfenced>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
  </math>
<p>comme <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mi>d</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>, on a</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
      <msup>
        <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
        <mrow>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </msup>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mi>A cos</mi>
        <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        <mfenced separators="">
          <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mi>B sin</mi>
        <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        <mfenced separators="">
          <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mfenced>
      </mfenced>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <msup>
        <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
        <mrow>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
      </msup>
      <mfenced separators="">
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>A</mi>
        <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
        <mi>sin</mi>
        <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        <mfenced separators="">
          <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mfenced>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mi>B</mi>
        <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
        <mi>cos</mi>
        <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        <mfenced separators="">
          <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
          <mi>t</mi>
        </mfenced>
      </mfenced>
    </mfenced>
  </math>

<p>  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>A</mi>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mo>&#x21D2;</mo>
    <mi>A</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mi>E</mi>
  </math><br />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mn>0</mn>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mo>-</mo>
      <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
      <mi>A</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>B</mi>
      <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mo>&#x21D2;</mo>
    <mi>B</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mrow>
          <mo>-</mo>
          <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
          <mi>E</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
  </math>
d'où</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <mi>i</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mi>C</mi>
      <mi>E</mi>
    </mrow>
    <msup>
      <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
      <mrow>
        <mo>-</mo>
        <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
        <mi>t</mi>
      </mrow>
    </msup>
    <mi>sin</mi>
    <mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    <mfenced separators="">
      <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mfenced>
    <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators="">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true">
        <mfrac>
          <msup>
            <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
        </mfrac>
      </mstyle>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mi>&#x03A9;</mi>
    </mfenced>
  </math>
  
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>Eidt</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>

<p>(voir calcul MAPLE) donc en utilisant le bilan, la dernière intégrale vaut</p>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" overflow="scroll">
    <munderover>
      <mo>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mo>&#x221E;</mo>
    </munderover>
    <mi>R</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>i</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mrow>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mstyle displaystyle="true">
      <mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi>C</mi>
    <msup>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </math>







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